Introduction to Computing (CS101) (PDF Handouts ,PPT Slides) Download Now

Chapter No 1:

 What is Computer?

 DEFINITION NO 1: Computer is an electronic device which takes some input, process it, and produce output.

DEFINITION NO 2: Electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory  Accepts data  Manipulates data  Produces results  Stores results

PARTS OF COMPUTER:
According to above definition we can divide computer functionality in to three main parts

  Input  Output  Process


 INPUT
Input is any data or instructions entered to the computer. Input can be in the form of audio, video, graphics and animations and instructions. Instructions can be  Programs  Commands  User response


Programs


 Program tells a computer what to do and how to do? These are written instructions in some specific language.(languages will be describe future)


 Commands

 Command causes a program to perform a specific action. Like Ctrl+S for saving a Ms.Word Document


User Response

 A user response is an action which is or can be done by answering any question from computer like You want to save that file? User have two options Yes or No, that is depend on the user what to response


 PROCESS

 Computer data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. Because data is most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems. In computer processing is done by CPU (Central Processing Unit)

OUTPUT 
Output is the data that has been processed in to useful form. The computer takes the input from user process it and produced output. Output also can be text, Audio, Video, graphics and animations.

Output can be in two forms

•   Soft Copy
•   Hard Copy 

Soft Copy: 

When you are writing a document, playing a game, watching a video clip, or reading the latest news. Soft copy is what you see on the monitor(Screen). Soft copy is temporary; after you have finished with it, there is nothing solid to hold. You can, however, transfer soft copy to a disk to transport it

 Hard Copy: Hard copy can be touched and carried. Hard copy is usually some form of paper output. It is especially helpful if you need to have a colleague look at your work or you need to give your work to a supervisor or teacher




COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

 There are three main Components of computer

. 1. Input devices
 2. CPU
 3. Output Devices


 INFORMATION PROCESS CYCLE 

Computer process data (input) into information (output).A Computer often holds data, information, and instruction in storage for future use. The series of input, process, output and storage activities as the information process cycle..

WHAT IS DATA? Definition:
“Raw facts, figures, events and transactions are called data”

 Example:  Researchers who conduct market research survey might ask member of the public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service.

 These completed questionnaires are data.

1.  NADRA 

1.  CNIC of Pakistanis

 by collecting data of people who belongs to Pakistan.  Some candidates want to take admission in university they will fill admission forms. Above all are unprocessed and unprepared which is needed to process and work more.


WHY WE NEED DATA

 Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis
.  Numbers, characters, symbols, images etc., which can be processed by a compute
r.  Data must be interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning
 "Data is a representation of information" *

WHAT IS INFORMATION? DEFINATION:  “Meaning full data is called information”  “Processed data is called information”


WHY WE NEED INFORMATION

  Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction.  Communication of intelligence.  "Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people, about things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context."  "Information is interpreted data"

Detail Example: 


Some candidates want to take admission so they will fill an admission form containing data about their selves. When this data is organized and arranged by eligibility criteria and admission rules a merit list will be formulated. This merit list is in the form of information of certain students which are eligible for admission.  process it and produced output. Output also can be text, Audio, Video, graphics and animations. Output can be in two forms  Soft Copy  Hard Copy Output can be in two forms

cs 101 pdf

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cs101 introduction to computing

1. Introduction to Computing – CS101 Power Point Slides Lecture 01.pps
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